{"id":49348,"date":"2018-07-08T19:00:04","date_gmt":"2018-07-08T22:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/?p=49348"},"modified":"2018-07-06T15:49:23","modified_gmt":"2018-07-06T18:49:23","slug":"al-menos-14-paises-ya-han-prohibido-la-utilizacion-de-bolsas-plasticas-en-el-mundo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/al-menos-14-paises-ya-han-prohibido-la-utilizacion-de-bolsas-plasticas-en-el-mundo\/","title":{"rendered":"Al menos 14 pa\u00edses ya han prohibido la utilizaci\u00f3n de bolsas pl\u00e1sticas en el mundo"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Su uso en Kenia se castiga con cuatro a\u00f1os de prisi\u00f3n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Sebasti\u00e1n Montes – smontes@larepublica.com.co<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\nLas\u00a0bolsas pl\u00e1sticas<\/u>\u00a0son consideradas un elemento letal para el cambio clim\u00e1tico y las especies animales. Seg\u00fan cifras de la Organizaci\u00f3n de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), el pl\u00e1stico mata alrededor de un mill\u00f3n de aves marinas y 100.000 mam\u00edferos marinos. Adem\u00e1s, su degradaci\u00f3n tarda 400 a\u00f1os, tiempo en el que su descomposici\u00f3n afecta seriamente al medio ambiente. Estos factores han sido decisivos para que al menos 14 pa\u00edses decidieran prohibir su uso con el prop\u00f3sito de reducir la cifra de 500.000 millones de bolsas que se consumen al a\u00f1o en todo el mundo
\n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Uno de los principales detonantes para la regulaci\u00f3n del uso de bolsas pl\u00e1sticas fue el descubrimiento del \u201ccontinente de pl\u00e1stico\u201d o la \u201cisla de basura\u201d ubicada en el Oc\u00e9ano Pac\u00edfico, que fue vista por el investigador marino Charles Moore en 1997. Ubicada entre Hawai y California, est\u00e1 compuesto principalmente de bolsas pl\u00e1sticas, botellas y pitillos, adem\u00e1s de equipos de pesca abandonados, seg\u00fan inform\u00f3 la National Geographic.<\/p>\n

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Este tipo de descubrimientos llevaron a Bangladesh a convertirse en la primera naci\u00f3n en prohibir el uso de bolsas pl\u00e1sticas en 2002. Adem\u00e1s, la ONU agreg\u00f3 que otro de los motivos para su veto fue su \u201cpapel clave\u201d en la obstrucci\u00f3n de los sistemas de drenaje del pa\u00eds en periodos de inundaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el investigador del Instituto de Estudios Ambientales de la Universidad Nacional, Liven Fernando Mart\u00ednez, \u201creducir el uso de este material no solo baja la cantidad que llega a los rellenos sanitarios, sino que tambi\u00e9n disminuye la presi\u00f3n sobre las materias primas para su fabricaci\u00f3n\u201d. El pl\u00e1stico m\u00e1s usado es el polietileno.<\/p>\n

Hasta la fecha, a Bangladesh le han seguido otras 13 naciones de todo el mundo entre las que destacan Argentina y Chile como representantes de Am\u00e9rica Latina. Mientras que en Argentina la medida se ha llevado a cabo solo en las provincias de Neuqu\u00e9n, R\u00edo Negro, Chubut y Buenos Aires, Chile anunci\u00f3 su veto en toda actividad comercial, lo que lo convierte en el primer pa\u00eds de la regi\u00f3n en prohibir su uso.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Por su parte, la legislaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s dura contra el uso de bolsas pl\u00e1sticas est\u00e1 en Kenia, naci\u00f3n en donde el uso de bolsas pl\u00e1sticas es castigado con una multa de US$35.000 y penas de cuatro a\u00f1os de prisi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

En el caso colombiano, la regulaci\u00f3n del uso de bolsas pl\u00e1sticas est\u00e1 inscrita en la ley 668 del 28 de abril de 2016, que reglamente su \u201cuso racional\u201d. Adem\u00e1s, el impuesto de $20 que comenz\u00f3 a regir desde el 1 de julio de 2017 contribuy\u00f3 a una reducci\u00f3n de 30% en su utilizaci\u00f3n para febrero de 2018.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan reportes de la Direcci\u00f3n de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales (Dian), los colombianos usaron 688,6 millones de empaques pl\u00e1sticos entre julio de 2017 y febrero de 2018, lo que signific\u00f3 un pago de impuestos que super\u00f3 $10.000 millones.<\/p>\n

Por su parte, la coordinadora ambiental de la Fundaci\u00f3n Con Vida, Ariadna Pantoja, asegur\u00f3 que \u201cdesde la econom\u00eda ambiental est\u00e1 demostrado que poner un impuesto para generar un est\u00edmulo al mercado y disminuir la oferta funciona, pero en Colombia no ha generado un buen impacto sobre las personas al ser muy bajo\u201d. El impuesto a las bolsas pl\u00e1sticas en Colombia aumentar\u00e1 $10 anuales. Se espera que suba a $50 para 2020.<\/p>\n

\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la historia de las bolsas pl\u00e1sticas?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Las bolsas pl\u00e1sticas fueron creadas en 1933 cuando se origin\u00f3 por accidente el polietileno, material m\u00e1s usado para la fabricaci\u00f3n de este tipo de empaques, en una f\u00e1brica qu\u00edmica de Norwich, Inglaterra. Para 1965, la bolsa pl\u00e1stica como tal fue patentada por el ingeniero sueco Sten Gustaf Thulin, y comenz\u00f3 a reemplazar la tela y el pl\u00e1stico en Europa. A finales de la d\u00e9cada de los 70 fue introducida a Estados Unidos, y para finales de los 80 su presencia reemplaz\u00f3 al papel en todo el mundo.<\/p>\n

Fuente:\u00a0https:\/\/www.larepublica.co\/responsabilidad-social\/al-menos-14-paises-ya-han-prohibido-la-utilizacion-de-bolsas-plasticas-en-el-mundo-2745896<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Su uso en Kenia se castiga con cuatro a\u00f1os de 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