{"id":49884,"date":"2018-07-15T09:00:53","date_gmt":"2018-07-15T12:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/?p=49884"},"modified":"2018-07-14T20:57:34","modified_gmt":"2018-07-14T23:57:34","slug":"la-capital-chilena-sufre-la-mayor-contaminacion-de-los-ultimos-anos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/la-capital-chilena-sufre-la-mayor-contaminacion-de-los-ultimos-anos\/","title":{"rendered":"La capital chilena sufre la mayor contaminaci\u00f3n de los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Santiago de Chile, con 7,2 millones de habitantes, hace frente en la actualidad a una de las contaminaciones m\u00e1s fuertes de los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, debido a la escasez de lluvias pero tambi\u00e9n por un parque automotor que cada a\u00f1o crece significativamente.<\/p>\n

La ciudad tiene un sobredimensionado parque automovil\u00edstico y, seg\u00fan los expertos, en la actualidad hay m\u00e1s de 5 millones de veh\u00edculos, una cifra que podr\u00eda llegar a los 7 millones en 2020, lo que determina que una\u00a0\u201cnube de smog\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0tape por completo la ciudad.<\/p>\n

\n
<\/i>Esa expresi\u00f3n se refiere a la capa de poluci\u00f3n ambiental urbana que cada invierno austral se forma a baja altura sobre la ciudad causada por las part\u00edculas en suspensi\u00f3n en el aire, acrecentado por la falta de viento habitual en la capital chilena<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Medidas<\/h2>\n

Ello obliga a la Intendencia (gobernaci\u00f3n) metropolitana a decretar cada cierto tiempo el cierre de m\u00e1s de un millar de industrias, consideradas fuentes fijas de contaminaci\u00f3n, y la restricci\u00f3n de veh\u00edculos seg\u00fan el n\u00famero de su matr\u00edcula, tanto a automotores con convertidor catal\u00edtico como a aquellos que no lo tienen.<\/p>\n

De hecho, en lo que va de a\u00f1o, la intendente Karla Rubilar ha ordenado tres preemergencias y m\u00e1s de 16 alertas ambientales, sin mucho \u00e9xito ya que\u00a0la capa de contaminaci\u00f3n solo se elimina con la lluvia<\/strong>, que ha sido muy escasa en las \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, se proh\u00edbe \u201cterminantemente\u201d la quema de le\u00f1a. No obstante, en la parte oriental de la ciudad, la televisi\u00f3n abierta suele mostrar decenas de casas con sus chimeneas humeantes.<\/p>\n

Santiago de Chile est\u00e1 enclavada en un valle rodeado de monta\u00f1as, por lo que en los meses de oto\u00f1o e invierno la calidad del aire suele empeorar debido a la ausencia de brisa que disemine las part\u00edculas nocivas, as\u00ed como por el fen\u00f3meno de la inversi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica.<\/p>\n

Impacto social<\/h2>\n

Los santiaguinos y turistas solo necesitan subir el cerro San Crist\u00f3bal, de 880 metros de altura y que se levanta casi en el centro de la ciudad, para presenciar c\u00f3mo la poluci\u00f3n urbana cubre casi por completo los grandes edificios y grandes recintos deportivos como el Estadio Nacional.<\/p>\n

Santiago es una ciudad muy contaminada, se puede ver que hay mucho humo y eso hace da\u00f1o en nosotros, en nuestros pulmones y tambi\u00e9n no hay conciencia (en los chilenos)\u201d, se\u00f1al\u00f3 a Efe Joaqu\u00edn de Tezanos, un ciclista que suele subir el San Crist\u00f3bal en su bicicleta.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Roc\u00edo Bravo, una joven que tambi\u00e9n hace deporte de dos ruedas, coincidi\u00f3 con De Tezanos al se\u00f1alar que el smog en la capital \u201ces terrible, ya que uno al hacer deporte respira puro humo, contaminaci\u00f3n, y eso nos cansa\u201d.<\/p>\n

Planes de descontaminaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

Desde que retorn\u00f3 la democracia al pa\u00eds, en 1990, se impulsaron diversos planes de descontaminaci\u00f3n, aunque muchas de ellas fracasaron.<\/p>\n

Estos inclu\u00edan la restricci\u00f3n de circulaci\u00f3n en diversos grados del parque automotriz, el traslado de las industrias m\u00e1s contaminantes fuera de la capital y la reconversi\u00f3n de otras, as\u00ed como el pavimento de calles.<\/p>\n

Todas estas medidas fueron insuficientes y ya en 1998 la ciudad soportaba hasta 18 alertas ambientales, 11 preemergencias y una emergencia, grado este \u00faltimo que equivale a \u201calerta roja\u201d en contaminaci\u00f3n y que significa pr\u00e1cticamente la paralizaci\u00f3n de las actividades de un tercio de la ciudad.<\/p>\n

\n
<\/i>El smog tiene gran incidencia en las enfermedades respiratorias de los santiaguinos, como bronconeumon\u00eda o bronquitis obstructivas y neumon\u00edas, que cada invierno se recrudecen de forma alarmante y afectan sobre todo a ni\u00f1os y a ancianos y que colapsan las salas de urgencia de los recintos hospitalarios.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Contaminaci\u00f3n mundial<\/h2>\n

Pero no s\u00f3lo Santiago sufre por la contaminaci\u00f3n del aire.<\/p>\n

La\u00a0Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud<\/a>\u00a0(OMS) realiz\u00f3 un estudio a 4.375 ciudades de 108 pa\u00edses con el fin de evaluar la contaminaci\u00f3n del planeta y que difundi\u00f3 en mayo pasado.<\/p>\n

Este informe revel\u00f3 que seis ciudades chilenas se encuentran dentro de las primeras 20 en Am\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n

Coyhaique, en el extremo sur de Chile, destac\u00f3 como la ciudad con m\u00e1s contaminaci\u00f3n de Am\u00e9rica y la n\u00famero 139 a nivel mundial, seg\u00fan la cantidad de part\u00edculas presente en el ambiente.<\/p>\n

Le siguieron Padre Las Casas (10), Osorno (11), Temuco (17), Andacollo (18) y Rancagua (20). EFEverde<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n

Fuente:\u00a0https:\/\/www.efeverde.com\/noticias\/chilena-contaminacion-anos\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Santiago de Chile, con 7,2 millones de habitantes, hace frente en la actualidad a una de las contaminaciones m\u00e1s fuertes 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