{"id":51044,"date":"2018-08-13T09:00:07","date_gmt":"2018-08-13T12:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/?p=51044"},"modified":"2018-08-12T14:19:14","modified_gmt":"2018-08-12T17:19:14","slug":"la-calidad-del-aire-un-reto-en-centros-urbanos-cada-vez-mas-poblados","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/la-calidad-del-aire-un-reto-en-centros-urbanos-cada-vez-mas-poblados\/","title":{"rendered":"La calidad del aire, un reto en centros urbanos cada vez m\u00e1s poblados"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1s de siete millones de personas mueren cada a\u00f1o en el mundo por la mala calidad del aire y m\u00e1s de tres millones son muertes prematuras por la contaminaci\u00f3n, ya que m\u00e1s del 80 % de las ciudades superan los l\u00edmites de calidad del aire establecidos por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de las Salud (OMS).<\/p>\n

En el marco de la celebraci\u00f3n hoy del\u00a0D\u00eda Internacional de la Calidad del Aire<\/strong>, seg\u00fan datos de la OMS, adem\u00e1s nueve de cada diez personas en el mundo respiran aire contaminado, lo que significa que afecta al 92 % de la poblaci\u00f3n mundial.<\/p>\n

El mayor desaf\u00edo para la salud<\/h2>\n

En los \u00faltimos seis a\u00f1os los niveles de contaminaci\u00f3n se han mantenido \u201cestables, con peque\u00f1as mejoras en pa\u00edses de Europa y las Am\u00e9ricas\u201d, seg\u00fan la directora de Salud P\u00fabica y Medio Ambiente de la OMS, Mar\u00eda Neira, sin embargo, \u201cla contaminaci\u00f3n ambiental \u201ces el mayor desaf\u00edo para la salud p\u00fablica\u201d.<\/p>\n

Actualmente m\u00e1s de 7.300 millones de personas viven en la Tierra, y en 2016, el 54,3 por ciento lo hac\u00eda en ciudades, seg\u00fan datos del Banco Mundial, cifra que seg\u00fan ONU Habit se prev\u00e9 llegue al 65 % en 2030.<\/p>\n

La presi\u00f3n sobre las ciudades es cada vez mayor y, entre otros aspectos, el transporte es uno de los m\u00e1s contaminantes por las emisiones a la atm\u00f3sfera, provocando que m\u00e1s del 80 % de las ciudades superen los l\u00edmites de calidad del aire recomendados por la OMS.<\/p>\n

\u201cSon los ni\u00f1os los que m\u00e1s sufren las consecuencias de la contaminaci\u00f3n del aire\u201d, se\u00f1ala en entrevista a Efe el\u00a0pediatra del Hospital Cl\u00ednico de Valladolid, Joaqu\u00edn Villag\u00f3mez Hidalgo.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La contaminaci\u00f3n producida por los veh\u00edculos \u201ccontribuyen en los ni\u00f1os m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os a empeorar los cuadros de bronquitis y los de asma en los m\u00e1s mayores, adem\u00e1s de bronco espasmos y crisis respiratorias frecuentes\u201d, seg\u00fan Villag\u00f3mez Hidalgo.<\/p>\n

\u201cMuchas de esas afecciones son v\u00edricas, pero la contaminaci\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica empeora los cuadros m\u00e9dicos\u201d por la exposici\u00f3n al smog, se\u00f1ala el m\u00e9dico del Cl\u00ednico de Valladolid, y a\u00f1ade que en los adultos esa \u201cexposici\u00f3n continuada contribuye al desarrollo de enfermedades como c\u00e1ncer de pulm\u00f3n y neumopat\u00edas\u201d.<\/p>\n

El ozono en tierra<\/h2>\n

Recuerda que el gas ozono en la atm\u00f3sfera \u201cprotege de los rayos ultravioleta, pero a nivel de tierra, cuando se inhala por las emisiones de los veh\u00edculos, es un contaminante para las v\u00edas respiratorias\u201d.<\/p>\n

De acuerdo con la OMS, la neumon\u00eda es una de las principales afecciones causantes de la muerte en menores de cinco a\u00f1os, ya que la poluci\u00f3n de part\u00edculas finas penetra profundamente en los pulmones y en el sistema cardiovascular, y causa, adem\u00e1s, ataques al coraz\u00f3n, obstrucciones pulmonares e infecciones respiratorias o derrames cerebrales.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan una investigaci\u00f3n del Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal) y el Erasmus Medical Center de Rotterdam (Holanda), publicada en marzo pasado por la revista \u201cBiological Psiychiatry\u201d, se\u00f1ala que la contaminaci\u00f3n atmosf\u00e9rica en las embarazadas -incluso considerando los par\u00e1metros seguros- origina alteraciones en el cerebro del feto.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, produce una menor capacidad cognitiva en ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as, que muestran dificultades para controlar su comportamiento impulsivo.<\/p>\n

Medidas para controlar la contaminaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

Muchas ciudades en el mundo han decidido poner l\u00edmite a algunas emisiones m\u00e1s contaminantes a la atm\u00f3sfera, y entre otras medidas, prohibir la circulaci\u00f3n de veh\u00edculos en sus centros urbanos cuando los \u00edndices de contaminaci\u00f3n superan los considerados normales, sobre todo de los veh\u00edculos m\u00e1s contaminantes, esencialmente los di\u00e9sel y muy antiguos.<\/p>\n

As\u00ed Madrid, Par\u00eds, Pek\u00edn, M\u00e9xico se han sumado a las restricciones de tr\u00e1fico por altos \u00edndices de contaminaci\u00f3n, que incluyen en algunos casos varias localidades del extrarradio, como en el caso de la capital francesa.<\/p>\n

Es necesario fomentar otros h\u00e1bitos de consumo y \u201cla cultura de la austeridad para encontrar un equilibrio\u201d con la naturaleza, se\u00f1ala el Secretario General de WWF Espa\u00f1a, Juan Carlos del Olmo.<\/p>\n

Fuente: EFEverde<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.efeverde.com\/noticias\/calidad-del-aire-reto-centros-urbanos\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00e1s de siete millones de personas mueren cada a\u00f1o en el mundo por la mala calidad del aire y m\u00e1s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":51045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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