{"id":61962,"date":"2019-06-20T07:00:35","date_gmt":"2019-06-20T10:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/?p=61962"},"modified":"2019-06-19T09:17:07","modified_gmt":"2019-06-19T12:17:07","slug":"descifran-el-arbol-genealogico-de-los-perezosos-americanos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/descifran-el-arbol-genealogico-de-los-perezosos-americanos\/","title":{"rendered":"Descifran el \u00e1rbol geneal\u00f3gico de los perezosos americanos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bariloche, 18 de junio de 2019<\/i>.- Investigadores de la Universidad Nacional de R\u00edo Negro (UNRN) participaron de un estudio internacional que revela el origen, formaci\u00f3n y desarrollo evolutivo de los mam\u00edferos ungulados americanos, estudio publicado la semana pasada en la revista internacional\u00a0Nature Ecology and Evolution<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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Se trata de una investigaci\u00f3n que resuelve el enigma evolutivo de c\u00f3mo los famosos perezosos, que hoy trepan a los \u00e1rboles y duermen all\u00ed acurrucados, fueron en el pasado gigantes que habitaban en el suelo. Los ungulados son herb\u00edvoros que se caracterizan porque sus patas terminan en pezu\u00f1as y en el pasado existieron en Sudam\u00e9rica muchas especies que se extinguieron completamente. Esto dificult\u00f3 a la comunidad cient\u00edfica poder armar su historia evolutiva.<\/p>\n

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Ahora, con el uso de nueva tecnolog\u00eda, se descubri\u00f3 algo impensado: que los tres tipos de perezosos actuales (de dos y de tres dedos) parecen muy similares, pero en realidad solamente comparten un ancestro com\u00fan de m\u00e1s de 30 millones de a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

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Estudios anteriores se basaban en la anatom\u00eda de los animales extintos, de los fragmentos de f\u00f3siles que se encontraban. Este nuevo an\u00e1lisis, permite estudiar muestras de 3.8 millones de a\u00f1os, gracias a las prote\u00ednas, como el col\u00e1geno, que conservan la informaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica. Esto brinda la posibilidad de ampliar investigaciones a una gran cantidad de animales del pasado, mucho m\u00e1s atr\u00e1s que lo que permite el an\u00e1lisis de ADN que se conoc\u00eda hasta ahora.<\/p>\n

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Jos\u00e9 Luis Lanata, doctor en Antropolog\u00eda, y Maximiliano Lezcano, licenciado en Historia, son miembros del Instituto de Investigaciones en Diversidad Cultural y Procesos del Cambio (IIDyPCa), instituto de la UNRN y del CONICET y participaron del estudio junto a 21 investigadores de 8 pa\u00edses, entre ellos 6 de Argentina.<\/p>\n

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Paleoprot\u00f3mica<\/i><\/b>\u00a0al rescate<\/b><\/p>\n

Los resultados de este estudio se obtuvieron mediante lo que se denomina paleo prote\u00f3mica, esto es la recuperaci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n de secuencias de ciertas prote\u00ednas f\u00f3siles, como el col\u00e1geno. Las muestras de col\u00e1genos analizadas conjuntamente con los pocos datos publicados de ADN mitocondrial muestran las relaciones entre las especies vivientes y sus antecesores.<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cEste estudio paleoprote\u00f3mico es un buen ejemplo para poder comenzar a explorar las posibles relaciones filogen\u00e9ticas de los ungulados sudamericanos; tema que ha estado en disputa durante m\u00e1s de un siglo y medio\u201d, explica Jos\u00e9 Luis Lanata. \u201cSe analizaron muestras de 15 especies cubriendo un rango temporal que arranca en el Cenozoico Tard\u00edo (cerca de 30 millones de a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s) y termina aproximadamente hace unos 12.000 a\u00f1os\u201d.<\/p>\n

\n

Las tres especies de perezosos actuales (Choloepus<\/i>\u00a0y\u00a0Bradypus<\/i>) son los remanentes de los herb\u00edvoros denominados\u00a0Fol\u00edvora<\/i>, ejemplo de\u00a0Xenarthra<\/i>,\u00a0un superorden de mam\u00edferos placentarios exclusivamente americanos que incluyen a los osos hormigueros, armadillos y perezosos,\u00a0que han ocupado el mayor rango de h\u00e1bitats del hemisferio occidental desde el Cenozoico.<\/p>\n

\n

Estos estudios ampliar\u00e1n el conocimiento de la historia evolutiva, tanto de los ungulados como de otras especies animales de las que, a\u00fan hoy, no se conoce su pasado con certeza.<\/p>\n

\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth phylogeny\u00a0<\/i>fue publicado en\u00a0Nature Ecology and<\/i><\/p>\n

Evolution.\u00a0<\/i>Fue realizado en forma colaborativa por investigadores e investigadoras de\u00a0diferentes instituciones como la Universidad de Copenhagen, la Universidad de Chicago, la Universidad Nacional de R\u00edo Negro, el IANIGLA\u00a0 (UNCuyo\/CONICET\/Provincia de Mendoza), la Universidad de Magallanes (Chile) entre otras. Fue liderado por el\u00a0American Museum of Natural History<\/i>\u00a0de New York (EEUU) y la Universidad de York (RU).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

El art\u00edculo puede encontrarse en\u00a0<\/em>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-019-0909-z-<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

—<\/p>\n

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Departamento de Comunicaci\u00f3n
\nUniversidad Nacional de R\u00edo Negro – Sede Andina
\nMitre 630 1\u00ba \u00abB\u00bb – San Carlos de Bariloche
\n(0294) 443 1801 – Int. 14
\ncomunicacion.andina@unrn.edu.ar<\/a>
\nwww.unrn.edu.ar<\/a>
\nhttp:\/\/sedeandina.unrn.edu.ar<\/a>
\nFacebook:<\/span>\u00a0<\/b>https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unrnsedeandina<\/a>
\nTwitter:<\/a><\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>@unrnsedeandina<\/a><\/div>\n
\n

Intagram<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0Instagram\/@unrionegro<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

www.unrn.tv<\/a><\/p>\n

www.raund.media<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bariloche, 18 de junio de 2019.- Investigadores de la Universidad Nacional de R\u00edo Negro (UNRN) participaron de un estudio internacional […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":61963,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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