{"id":74311,"date":"2021-10-07T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/?p=74311"},"modified":"2021-10-06T20:37:50","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T23:37:50","slug":"patagonia-chilena-ambientalistas-exigen-que-salmoneras-salgan-de-areas-protegidas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/patagonia-chilena-ambientalistas-exigen-que-salmoneras-salgan-de-areas-protegidas\/","title":{"rendered":"Patagonia chilena: ambientalistas exigen que salmoneras salgan de \u00e1reas protegidas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n

Chile.-A pesar del tener estatus de protecci\u00f3n del Estado, \u00e1reas de la Patagonia chilena destinadas a la conservaci\u00f3n no est\u00e1n libres de salmoneras. Organizaciones sociales y ambientales exigen una ley m\u00e1s restrictiva.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salmonera en Puyuhuapi, en el sur de Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No quieren que se repitan los episodios de contaminaci\u00f3n, florecimiento de algas nocivas y muerte masiva de peces, que deterioran el medio ambiente y la imagen de la Patagonia. M\u00e1s de 40 organizaciones sociales y medioambientales, chilenas e internacionales, exigen mayor regulaci\u00f3n y una ley que retire las concesiones acu\u00edcolas de \u00e1reas protegidas. \u00abLa Uni\u00f3n Internacional para la Conservaci\u00f3n de la Naturaleza (UICN) ha enfatizado que, en \u00e1reas marinas protegidas, las actividades de impacto, como la salmonicultura, son incompatibles con los objetivos de conservaci\u00f3n para los que se cre\u00f3 el \u00e1rea y no debieran existir en su interior\u201d, dice a DW Maximiliano Bello, asesor ejecutivo de Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas del Oc\u00e9ano de la organizaci\u00f3n Mission Blue.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Juan Carlos Viveros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La realidad en la Patagonia chilena es otra: \u00abDe alrededor de 1.500 concesiones salmoneras, 415 est\u00e1n otorgadas al interior de \u00e1reas protegidas, aunque no todas operativas\u201d, indica Juan Carlos Viveros, de la organizaci\u00f3n Defendamos Chilo\u00e9, en di\u00e1logo con DW. Para la bi\u00f3loga Flavia Liberona, \u00abes incompatible\u201d que el Estado otorgue y permita mantener concesiones acu\u00edcolas en zonas destinadas a la conservaci\u00f3n. La directora ejecutiva de Fundaci\u00f3nTerram dice a DW que, seg\u00fan normas chilenas, las concesiones salmoneras dentro o aleda\u00f1as a un \u00e1rea protegida deber\u00edan ser evaluadas con un estudio de impacto ambiental y no debieran estar enparques nacionales. Sin embargo, \u00ablas hay en parques nacionales y en otras categor\u00edas de \u00e1reas protegidas, sin contar con este requisito. La legislaci\u00f3n es muy laxa y ni siquiera se cumple\u201d, dice. Como ejemplo, explica que para tener actividades productivas, toda reserva debiera contar con un plan de manejo establecido por el Estado, pero \u00abla Reserva Nacional Guaitecas est\u00e1 llena deconcesiones salmoneras, a pesar de que no tiene un plan de manejo. Nunca debieron haberse podido instalar ah\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Superposici\u00f3n de objetivos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Esteban Ram\u00edrez, gerente general del Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico del Salm\u00f3n de Chile (Intesal), ente t\u00e9cnico de la asociaci\u00f3n gremial Salmon Chile, que re\u00fane al 60% de la producci\u00f3n nacional con diez productores de salm\u00f3n y representa a m\u00e1s de 50 empresas proveedoras, indica a DW que, de las 400 concesiones ubicadas en reservas, la mayor\u00eda est\u00e1n en el \u00e1rea de la Reserva para el Cipr\u00e9s de las Guaitecas, regi\u00f3n de Ays\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En su opini\u00f3n, en este caso \u00abel objeto de conservaci\u00f3n no presenta incompatibilidades con la salmonicultura. Esta reserva fue creada en la d\u00e9cada de 1940, cuando qued\u00f3 de manera ambigua la regulaci\u00f3n del \u00e1rea mar\u00edtima\u201d. Ram\u00edrez se\u00f1ala que la superposici\u00f3n entre \u00e1reas protegidas y de acuicultura se dio porque estas \u00faltimas se establecieron en los a\u00f1os \u00b480, cuando no exist\u00edan parques nacionales ni reservas marinas en zonas con concesiones acu\u00edcolas. Al declarar las reservas, \u00abno incorporaban cuerpos de agua o su objeto de protecci\u00f3n no presentaba incompatibilidad alguna\u201d, observa el representante de Intesal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crecimiento explosivo de la industria<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los expertos ambientalistas apuntan tambi\u00e9n a la presi\u00f3n sobre los ecosistemas que impone el acelerado crecimiento de la salmonicultura. En cuatro d\u00e9cadas, Chile se ha convertido en el segundo productor mundial, despu\u00e9s de Noruega. \u00abDe acuerdo con datos oficiales, entre 1990 y 2020 la producci\u00f3n de esta industria creci\u00f3 en un 3600%. Es m\u00e1s de un 117% en promedio al a\u00f1o, lo que implica un gran impacto ambiental. Est\u00e1n las mareas rojas, el uso de antibi\u00f3ticos y qu\u00edmicos, los vertederos, los escapes, y se trata de especies introducidas\u201d, dice Flavia Liberona. \u00abA pesar de que Chilo\u00e9 es el epicentro de la salmonicultura chilena, es una de las regiones m\u00e1s pobres del pa\u00eds. La industria lleva casi 40 a\u00f1os depredando nuestros fiordos y canales, que son un ecosistema de alt\u00edsimo valor para la biodiversidad del planeta, muy sensible al cambio clim\u00e1tico, y puerta de entrada a las regiones marinas de la Patagonia\u201d, lamenta Viveros.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manifestaci\u00f3n contra las salmoneras en Puyuhuapi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En opini\u00f3n de Bello, a pesar de que la salmonicultura es una fuente de empleo, \u00abhay que poner en la balanza el costo de mantener y subsidiar a una industria altamente sucia, que no respeta normativas que fueron hechas a su medida, se beneficia de leyes, subsidios y subvenciones que le permiten reducir costos y utiliza el patrimonio de todos los chilenos como su principal capital\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regulaci\u00f3n en \u00e1reas protegidas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfEs factible legislar para sacar a las salmoneras de las \u00e1reas protegidas? \u00abNo solo factible, sino extremadamente necesario. La salmonicultura ha probado ser de alto impacto sobre los ecosistemas y no compatible con los objetivos de conservaci\u00f3n en una de las \u00e1reas m\u00e1s vulnerables del planeta, como es la Patagonia. La industria debiera empezar a retirarse en forma voluntaria, partiendo por las \u00e1reas marinas protegidas\u201d, dice Bello.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Desde Intel-Salmon Chile, Ram\u00edrez asegura que la producci\u00f3n de salm\u00f3n es posible en la medida que no afecta el objeto de protecci\u00f3n. \u00abDe existir incompatibilidad, ello derivar\u00eda en una evaluaci\u00f3n ambiental muy estricta\u201d, dice, y sostiene que, debido a la regulaci\u00f3n actual, la entrega de nuevas concesiones est\u00e1 cerrada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ambientalistas reclaman que, aunque no aumenten en n\u00famero, la industria ha ampliado sus centros de producci\u00f3n, lo que explicar\u00eda su crecimiento. \u00abNecesitamos que la producci\u00f3n no siga creciendo a la misma tasa, que las \u00e1reas protegidas lo sean realmente, que haya una legislaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s exigente y una capacidad real de fiscalizaci\u00f3n\u201d, asegura Liberona. Como modelo est\u00e1 el caso de la provincia de Tierra del Fuego, en Argentina, que en forma pionera prohibi\u00f3 la salmonicultura en sus aguas. \u00abLa protecci\u00f3n y el cuidado de estos ecosistemas es la mejor inversi\u00f3n que puede hacer Chile. La vocaci\u00f3n de la Patagonia tiene que ver con la conservaci\u00f3n y no con la explotaci\u00f3n del salm\u00f3n\u201d, subraya Bello.0 seconds of 0 secondsVolume 90% Ver el video<\/strong>03:03<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuente:https:\/\/www.dw.com\/es\/patagonia-chilena-ambientalistas-exigen-que-salmoneras-salgan-de-%C3%A1reas-protegidas\/a-59429202<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":74312,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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