{"id":77896,"date":"2023-05-03T07:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/?p=77896"},"modified":"2024-08-17T09:27:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-17T12:27:05","slug":"de-mineria-a-basura-electronica-el-dano-ambiental-de-la-digitalizacion-y-su-efecto-en-chile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/patagoniambiental.com.ar\/info\/de-mineria-a-basura-electronica-el-dano-ambiental-de-la-digitalizacion-y-su-efecto-en-chile\/","title":{"rendered":"El da\u00f1o ambiental de la digitalizaci\u00f3n y su efecto en Chile"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n

Chile.-La revoluci\u00f3n digital exige extraer minerales e instalar grandes data center que consumen agua y energ\u00eda, adem\u00e1s de resultar en una acumulaci\u00f3n de basura electr\u00f3nica creciente. La investigadora Paz Pe\u00f1a Ochoa explica los impactos ambientales en cada paso de la cadena digital y cu\u00e1les se viven en Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A simple vista, la digitalizaci\u00f3n puede parecer un proceso que ayuda al cuidado del medio ambiente,<\/strong> porque libera de la necesidad de material y espacio para almacenar informaci\u00f3n en formato f\u00edsico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pero en toda la cadena de producci\u00f3n de los elementos que sostienen el formato digital se generan da\u00f1os ambientales<\/strong> que crecen, y proyectos que entran en conflicto socioambiental con cada vez m\u00e1s comunidades en el mundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cLa transici\u00f3n digital, que se plantea como algo necesario para acompa\u00f1ar la transici\u00f3n hacia energ\u00edas limpias, significa que hay que poner en la ecuaci\u00f3n mucha m\u00e1s infraestructura para mantener la creciente demanda de servicios digitales,<\/strong> y en toda la cadena de este proceso hay da\u00f1os ambientales\u201d, explica Paz Pe\u00f1a Ochoa, investigadora y periodista autora del libro \u201cTecnolog\u00edas para un planeta en llamas\u201d<\/a>, que explora la disyuntiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Boom minero<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los pa\u00edses industrializados son los que producen la infraestructura y artefactos que sostienen la digitalizaci\u00f3n, y para ello necesitan minerales que se suelen extraer de lugares como \u00c1frica y Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/strong> Se trata de los mismos minerales que est\u00e1 demandando la transici\u00f3n hacia energ\u00edas renovables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEl boom minero que se genera, hace que esos minerales se obtengan muchas veces a trav\u00e9s de la miner\u00eda ilegal,<\/strong> lo que significa no solo contaminaci\u00f3n no evaluada sino tambi\u00e9n vulneraciones a pueblos ind\u00edgenas, da\u00f1o a la biodiversidad y mucha violencia\u201d, explica Paz Pe\u00f1a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La investigadora menciona el ejemplo de Brasil, donde se demand\u00f3 a Google<\/strong> porque hab\u00eda utilizado oro extra\u00eddo ilegalmente desde la Amazon\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chile est\u00e1 en el centro de esta situaci\u00f3n a ra\u00edz de la Estrategia Nacional del Litio<\/strong> presentada en los \u00faltimos d\u00edas; un mineral que se usa en las bater\u00edas de celulares y computadoras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seg\u00fan Pe\u00f1a, la estrategia a\u00fan \u201creplica la l\u00f3gica colonial en que los pa\u00edses que m\u00e1s responsabilidad tienen de la crisis clim\u00e1tica y ecol\u00f3gica, en una carrera por virar a energ\u00edas verdes, impulsan que los pa\u00edses que no causaron la crisis tengan que sacrificar su medio ambiente<\/strong> para satisfacer estas demandas verdes del norte global\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Almacenar los datos<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Otro creciente punto de conflicto es la creciente instalaci\u00f3n de data centers; <\/strong>grandes centros de computadoras que necesitan las gigantes tecnol\u00f3gicas como Google o Microsoft para almacenar datos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSon edificios gigantes donde hay miles de computadoras funcionando las 24 horas del d\u00eda <\/strong>y eso requiere agua dulce fresca para poder enfriar los computadores sin da\u00f1ar el sistema sin da\u00f1ar los equipos. El uso d agua de un solo datacenter puede ser equivalente a una ciudad de 350 mil habitantes\u201d, comenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El otro problema de los data center es el consumo intensivo de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica<\/strong> para poder tener a las computadoras funcionando las 24 horas del d\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEn un mundo en que la matriz energ\u00e9tica todav\u00eda est\u00e1 volcada en su mayor\u00eda a los combustibles f\u00f3siles, el uso de energ\u00eda de los data center aumenta la huella de carbono de las compa\u00f1\u00edas,<\/strong> como sucedi\u00f3 con Microsft que hab\u00eda anunciado su meta de ser carbono neutral al 2030 y tuvo que aplazarlo\u201d, recuerda la investigadora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Chile, la instalaci\u00f3n de data centers de Google, Microsoft y Amazon ha generado conflictos ambientales<\/strong> a\u00fan en curso con comunidades de lugares como Quilicura, Cerrillos y Huechuraba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Basura electr\u00f3nica<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El resultante de todo este proceso es un aumento de basura electr\u00f3nica, que son desechos con elementos t\u00f3xicos<\/strong> que requerir\u00edan un proceso especial para disponer de ellos o reciclarlos, minimizando el impacto ambiental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEn Am\u00e9rica Latina hay muy poca legislaci\u00f3n y pol\u00edtica p\u00fablica al respecto. Quienes terminan rescatando algunos minerales para volver a usarlos son quienes se dedican a la miner\u00eda urbana, que la practican para tener un sustento, y lo hacen sin los implementos necesarios por lo que<\/strong> sufren problemas de salud<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Otro fen\u00f3meno asociado a la basura electr\u00f3nica, seg\u00fan comenta la investigadora, es que los pa\u00edses del norte global son los que m\u00e1s consumen aparatos electr\u00f3nicos y env\u00edan sus desechos a pa\u00edses de \u00c1frica<\/strong> que se hacen cargo de ellos con muy pocas herramientas y con impactos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuente: www.eldesconcierto.cl<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":77897,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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